Constructive Invariant Theory

نویسندگان

  • Harm DERKSEN
  • Hanspeter KRAFT
چکیده

Invariant theory has been a major subject of research in the 19th century. One of the highlights was Gordan’s famous theorem from 1868 showing that the invariants and covariants of binary forms have a finite basis. His method was constructive and led to explicit degree bounds for a system of generators (Jordan 1876/79). In 1890, Hilbert presented a very general finiteness result using completely different methods such as his famous “Basissatz.” He was heavily attacked because his proof didn’t give any tools to construct a system of generators. In his second paper from 1893 he again introduced new techniques in order to make his approach more constructive. This paper contains the “Nullstellensatz,” “Noether’s Normalization Lemma,” and the “Hilbert-Mumford Criterion!” We shortly overview this development, discuss in detail the degree bounds given by Popov, Wehlau and Hiss and describe some exciting new development relating these bounds with the (geometric) degree of projective varieties and with the Eisenbud-Goto conjecture. The challenge is still the fact that the degree bounds for binary forms given by Jordan are much better than those obtained from the work of Popov and Hiss. Résumé La théorie des invariants a été un sujet de recherche majeur au 19ème siècle. Un des résultats marquants a été le fameux théorème de Gordan en 1868 qui établissait que les invariants et les covariants des formes binaires ont une base finie ; sa méthode était constructive et a conduit à des bornes explicites des degrés d’un système de générateurs (Jordan 1876/79). En 1890, Hilbert a présenté un résultat de finitude très général utilisant des méthodes complètement différentes comme le fameux “Basissatz.” Il a été vivement attaqué parce que sa preuve ne construisait pas un système de générateurs explicite. Dans son deuxième papier datant de 1893, il a introduit de nouvelles techniques pour rendre son approche plus constructive. Ce dernier AMS 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision): 13A50, 13P99, 14L30, (14D25, 14Q15) ∗Both authors were partially supported by SNF (Schweizerischer Nationalfonds). The second author likes to thank the Department of Mathematics at UCSD for hospitality during the preparation of this manuscript. Société Mathématique de France 222 Harm DERKSEN & Hanspeter KRAFT papier contient le “Nullstellensatz,” le «Lemme de Normalization de Noether » et le « Critère de Hilbert-Mumford »! Nous présentons brièvement ces développements, discutons en détail les bornes pour les degrés donnés par Popov, Wehlau et Hiss et décrivons certains nouveaux résultats reliant ces bornes avec le degré (géométrique) de certaines variétés projectives et avec la conjecture de Eisenbud-Goto. Encore maintenant, le défi est que les bornes des degrés données par Jordan pour les formes binaires sont meilleures que celles obtenues dans le travail de Popov et Hiss.

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تاریخ انتشار 1999